Electromagnetic wave absorption of periodic cylindrical structured gypsum composites incorporate with different carbonaceous materials

To improve the impedance matching condition and broaden effective absorbing bandwidth, a series of cylindrical periodic structured gypsum composites with different kinds carbonaceous materials as absorbents were fabricated by two-step molding process. The influences mass fraction helical carbon fiber (HCF), nanotube (CNT), graphene (GE) on morphology, permittivity, resistivity, electromagnetic (EM) wave properties proposed investigated. experimental results show that composite 2 wt% HCF exhibits optimum EM absorption performance, its reflection loss is lower than − 10 dB in 2–18 GHz bandwidth thickness ratio coefficient reaches 0.8 GHz/mm. mechanisms further explained simulation field power distribution. dielectric absorbents, destructive interference, diffraction multiple refractions caused arrays are main attenuation composites. This study could provide guidance for design broadband materials.